Based on the number of internal hinges, they can be further classified as two-hinged arches, three-hinged arches, or fixed arches, as seen in Figure 6.1. Additionally, arches are also aesthetically more pleasant than most structures.īased on their geometry, arches can be classified as semicircular, segmental, or pointed. The horizontal thrusts significantly reduce the moments and shear forces at any section of the arch, which results in reduced member size and a more economical design compared to other structures. The bending moment and shearing force at such section of an arch are comparatively smaller than those of a beam of the same span due to the presence of the horizontal thrusts. The internal forces at any section of an arch include axial compression, shearing force, and bending moment. One of the main distinguishing features of an arch is the development of horizontal thrusts at the supports as well as the vertical reactions, even in the absence of a horizontal load. They are used for large-span structures, such as airplane hangars and long-span bridges. Arches are structures composed of curvilinear members resting on supports.
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